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Macro economical development of East Germany and Czech republic after the 2. World War
BENDÍKOVÁ, Zuzana
Východné Nemecko a Česká republika sú krajiny, na ktoré sa budem v mojej bakalárskej práci koncentrovať a popíšem ich makroekonomický vývoj po 2. Svetovej vojne. V teoretickej časti opíšem hlavné deje v makroekonómií ako sú štátny záverečný účet, hrubý domáci produkt, hrubý národný produkt, platobná bilancia, ekonomický rast, inflácia, nezamestnanosť a fiškálna a monetárna politika. Tieto faktory mi pomôžu popísať ekonomický vývoj v týchto krajinách v časoch socializmu, kedy boli centrálne regulované. Boli to tiež dôležití členovia Varšavského Paktu. Ako nasledujúcu vykreslím situáciu po páde Berlínskeho múru, po čom sa museli obidve krajiny pretransformovať na trhovú ekonomiku a štát už nebol jeho jediným aktérom. Samotná transformácia má veľkú váhu pre ďalší rozvoj týchto dvoch krajín.
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Economic Research Bulletin (2012, No.2). No. 2, Vol. 10, November 2012, Financial Stability and Monetary Policy
Česká národní banka
The importance of analysing the interactions between financial stability and monetary policy and its effects on macroeconomic fluctuations has risen substantially during the current financial crisis. This edition of the Research Bulletin is focused on five articles which analyse these interactions from various angles. The first article examines the effect of tighter macroprudential and monetary policies on output. According to this research, in comparison to monetary policy, macroprudential policy may be less costly, as it has less adverse effects on bank earnings. The second article examines to what extent financial frictions matter for macroeconomic fluctuations. The results suggest that the effect of financial frictions on macroeconomic fluctuations is sizeable only when financial stress is sufficiently high. The third article focuses on the relation between central bank finances and inflation. The article concludes that central bank losses are unlikely to represent a threat to price stability. The fourth article examines whether low monetary policy rates may increase commercial banks’ risk-taking. It finds that too low an interest rate may lead to a build-up of long-term risks to financial stability, but a lower interest rate during the life of a loan reduces its riskiness. The fifth article examines the interactions between bank capital and bank liquidity creation. The results indicate that greater capital requirements are beneficial for financial stability but may have an adverse effect on bank liquidity creation.
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